Load-withdrawal displacement characteristics of nails

Load-withdrawal displacement relationships were established for five different nails for use in nonlinear finite-element models. Although withdrawal capacity is commonly reported, load-withdrawal displacement relationships for nails are not available in the literature. Nails were hand-driven into Douglas-fir 2-by-4 studs and withdrawn from the wood specimen at a constant rate. Load and nail displacement were monitored. Test results were plotted as a load-withdrawal curve and adjusted for specimen settlement in the testing apparatus. The final results were represented as tri-linear curves that closely approximate actual nail characteristics.

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