Kiln brown stain in radiata pine: a short review on cause and methods for prevention

Kiln-drying of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) sapwood causes the development of a chocolate-brown discoloration, commonly called kiln brown stain. Kiln brown stain develops just under the surface, but subsequent planing of the wood surface results in its exposure. This type of stain is not due to biological causes, such as sap stain caused by fungi and has different characteristics than other known nonmicrobial stains observed in some softwoods and hardwoods. In a comprehensive research program, the kinetics and chemistry of kiln brown stain formation have been established. In this paper, the mechanism of kiln stain in radiata pine is discussed.

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