Copolymer resins of phenol, formaldehyde, and chemicals from the forest and agricultural residues were successfully synthesized. The resultant copolymer resins were evaluated for bond quality in gluing southern pine plywood. A level of 20 percent by weight of the phenol being replaced by the copolymer resins were comparable to the commercial phenol formaldehyde control resin with respect to the bond quality they produced.
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