Effect of Wood-Structure Orientation on Smoothness of Knife-Cut Veneers

The smoothness of knife-cut veneer is affected by the orientation of the wood fibers, the annual rings, and the wood rays with respect to the plane of the cut. When cuts are made in relation to the longitudinal, tangential, and radial axes, the cut is smooth when the knife moves across the wood in the direction in which the fibers, rings, or rays run out of the surface. Differences between the springwood and summerwood do not affect the smoothness of rotary hard wood veneer as much as that of softwood. Weakness of the rays has a pronounced effect on the smoothness of sliced veneer cut from both hardwood and softwood species. Smoother veneer is generally produced by slicing when the cut goes from the heartwood to the sapwood rather than from the sap wood to the heartwood. For rotary cutting, the bolts should be mounted so that the cut closely parallels the growth rings.

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