Allowable Loads for Common Bolts At Various Angles to the Grain for Southern Yellow Pine

This report presents the results of 110 tests with an attempt to determine the accuracy of the Hankinson formula and the Osgood formula to calculate allowable loads that may be transmitted through bolted joints when applied to bolts bearing at various angles to the grain ranging from 0 to 90 degrees. Material selected for the tests was southern yellow pine because of its common use as structural material. Rough planks 2 inches by 8 inches by 16 feet were obtained. A four-screw, mechanical type Tinius Olsen testing machine was used for loading the specimens. The Osgood formula is consistently higher than either the Hankinson formula or the test results for the 1/2-inch bolt in the 0 to 30 degree range. The validity of Osgood’s “a” value of 0.35 is therefore questioned.

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