Compatibility of Southern Hardwoods with Portland Cement

The compatibility of 12 hardwood species with portland cement was examined by monitoring hydration parameters of temperature and the time required to reach maximum temperature. An inhibitory index for each species was also determined. Among the 12 hardwoods studied, chestnut oak was found to be the least inhibitory, while red maple was the most inhibitory. The effect of hot water extraction on the inhibitory characteristics of 12 species was also examined. Hot water extraction substantially improved the compatibilities of 12 species with portland cement, especially by greatly reducing the time required to reach maximum hydration temperature. However, three species (hickory, sweetgum, and yellow-poplar) exhibited low hydration temperatures of below 50?C even after they were treated with hot water.

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