Durability of Woodworking Glues in Different Types of Assembly Joints

Seven types of assembly joints of six maple were glued with 11 different glues, representing six glue types including animal, casein, urea, resorcinol, phenol-resorcinol, and polyvinyl resin. The joints were dowel, mortise-tenon, blocked, lock, end grain-to-side grain, 45? end grain-to-side grain, and side grain-to-side, grain. The specimens were exposed to 6-11, 6-16, and 6-20 percent moisture content cycles and tested at intervals up to 36 months. The side grain-to-side grain joints, in general, were the least affected by cyclic exposures, and were the only joints in which animal and casein glues performed well in the most severe exposures. In decreasing order of strength were lock joint, 45? end grain-to-side grain joint, mortise and tenon joint, dowel joint, end grain-to-side grain joint, and blocked joint. Phenol-resorcinol resin glue and resorcinol resin glue retained most consistently the highest percentage of the original strength. The animal and casein glues were generally the least durable. Animal glues, however, rapidly developed a high degree of joint strength, permitting early handling of glued assemblies.

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