Examination of compression testing methods for wood in the parallel to the grain direction

To determine the compressive properties of wood in the grain direction, we conducted several compression tests and examined their validity by comparing them with each other. Buna (Japanese beech, Fagus crenata Endl.) was used for the studies. Compression tests were conducted using end-loading or Illinois Institute of Technology Research Institute (IITRI) compression test methods. In the end-loading method, which is established in several major standards, the loading plate was fixed or equipped with a spherical attachment. In the IITRI method, tabbed or tab-free specimens were used. The compressive properties such as Young’s modulus, proportional limit stress, and compressive strength were obtained from the stress-strain relation. By comparing these properties and overall stress-strain relations obtained from the different loading methods, we sought to determine which method is most effective for characterizing the compressive properties. The results show that when using the end-loading method, the specimen should be placed on a fixed platen, and the load should be applied by a platen equipped with a spherical attachment. When using the IITRI method, end tabs should be used to protect the specimen from a barreling effect induced at the gauge region.

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