Examination of the off-axis tension test method for evaluating the shear properties of wood

To obtain the shear properties of wood, we conducted various off-axis tension tests and examined their validity by comparing them with the Iosipescu tests. Shioji (Japanese ash, Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh.) was used for the studies. Several uniaxial tension tests of the specimens with the off-axis angles of ?/-45?, 45?, 15?, and 20? were conducted, and the shear properties such as shear modulus, shear stress at the proportional limit, and shear strength were obtained from the shear stress/shear strain relation. By comparing the shear properties with those obtained by the Iosipescu shear tests conducted independently, we examined the validity of the off-axis tension test method for determining the shear properties of wood, and obtained the following results: 1) it was difficult to obtain the shear properties properly by the ??/-45? off-axis tension test although this method is specified in the major standard for characterizing the shear properties of fiber reinforced plastics; 2) in this experiment, the shear properties obtained from the 15? off-axis tension test were close to those obtained by the Iosipescu shear test; 3) in evaluating the overall shear stress/shear strain relation, the off-axis tension test is not effective because of the existence of other stress components. Therefore, another method is required for determining the shear stress/shear strain relation.

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