Feasible high-temperature phenomena in tool wear from wood machining

The morphology of a high-speed steel tool was examined after machining American basswood to determine if high temperature is a tool wear factor when machining wood. The cutting edge was also analyzed by an Energy Dispersive X-ray System to determine its elemental composition. The visible physical features at and near the cutting edge showed plastic deformation, smearing, and rolling or beading of the tool material. The elemental analysis showed an accumulation of Ca and K at the tool edge to be greater than that found in the basswood workpiece. The Ca and K were not present in the tool steel alloy before machining. Possible high-temperature phenomena such as hot corrosion that could affect tool wear are discussed. The morphology and elemental analysis indicated that high temperatures and pressures are major tool wear factors in wood machining.

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