Low-Temperature Durability of Common Wood Adhesives

Cyclic exposures of water-saturated Douglas-fir boards, laminated with various adhesives, under ambient (20?C), moderate-frigid (-12?C) and extreme-frigid (-65?C) conditions have shown urea-formaldehyde and phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesives to have a greater loss in shear strength than urea-melamine-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and polyvinyl-acetate-cross-linked adhesives. Boards laminated with casein, but maintained in a dry state when exposed to these three temperatures, showed little shear strength change during cycling. For most adhesives at frigid exposures, shear strength was found to be a better indicator of bond durability than wood failure. Solid wood exhibited little degradation under similar conditions, suggesting the rigidity difference between the glueline and the wood is an important factor influencing cold-temperature durability.

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