Machine capability studies put a numerical value on variability as a basis for improving quality and recognizing variability that can be reduced. Methods compared are X and R chart, multi-vary chart, and span plan process capability analysis. Any methods used must be determined by their ability to evaluate four basic statistical properties of every process: 1) The centering or aim of the process in relation to the tolerance limits. 2) The spread or total variability of parts produced by the machine. 3) The capability or natural variability that exists among successive pieces produced. 4) The stability of the process.
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