Screw withdrawal tests using numbers 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 type A, pan head, sheet metal type screws of varying length, from several species of hardwood obtained from a wide geographical area, indicate that withdrawal strength from the side grain may be reasonably predicted by the expression F = 3.204 D(L-D)3/4 S where F, D, L, and S refer to withdrawal strength, screw diameter, depth of penetration, and shear strength of the wood, respectively. On the average, this equation under-predicted the withdrawal strength of these screws within 4 percent.
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