Quality of Near Longitudinal Wood Surfaces Formed By Inclined Cutting

An 11-l/2-inch diameter disk with a clearance angle of 3? was used to evaluate the effect of the range of several variables on the surface quality obtained by inclined and orthogonal cutting. Variables considered were species, orientation of the cutting edge, rake angle, chip thickness, and cutting with or against the grain. At each combination .of variables, cuts were made with the disk rotating at a rim speed to feed speed ratio of 94 and with the disk not rotating (orthogonal cutting). Surface quality was assessed as passing (no raised or torn grain, etc., permitted) or failing. With the cutting edge perpendicular to the grain, high quality surfaces were obtained with a combination of chip thickness equal to 0.03 inch, low rake angles, and inclined cutting. With orthogonal cutting and a 0.03 inch chip thickness, a rake angle of 50? was required for high quality surfaces. Cutting against the grain required inclined cutting, small chip thickness, and a low rake angle to produce quality surfaces. With the cutting edge parallel to the grain, there was a general trend of increase in tolerable chip thickness with increase in rake angle. Good quality surfaces were observed at small chip thicknesses when orthogonal cutting was used. Inclination, however, raised the thickness limit appreciably.

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