The Mechanics of Auger Cutters for Wood

The force and power requirements as functions of the major variables affecting auger cutting were documented. The cutter parameters studied were the helix and rake angles, the machine variables were cutter rotational speed and feed speed, and the workpiece parameters were wood species and wood temperature. Cutter geometry was evaluated by determining which combination of parameters produced the lowest value of maximum torque and simultaneously the lowest axial force, consistent with maintaining a fine edge. A cutter configuration with a 40-degree helix angle and 30-degree rake angle was the best compromise. Forces on the cutter were linearly related to feed rate or feed per tooth. At a constant feed speed the horse power required decreases with an increase in feed rate. The forces on the cutter and the power required were related to specific gravity and hence the differences in mechanical properties of the wood. Cutting frozen wood increases the forces on the cutter by 20 to 25 percent.

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